Landsat-8

Landsat-8 panchromatic and multispectral EO data products are calibrated using the Optical Products Calibration (OPT-Calib) service. The process applied is the same for PAN and MS acquisitions.
DN to Reflectance

Reflective band DN’s are converted to TOA reflectance using the rescaling coefficients in the MTL file¹:
\[ R(b)′= M_b \times DN + A_b \]
where:
\(R(b)'\) is the Top of Atmosphere planetary reflectance, without correction for solar angle.
Note that \(R(b)'\) does not contain a correction for the sun angle.
\(M_b\) is the band-specific multiplicative rescaling factor from the metadata (REFLECTANCE_MULT_BAND_x, where x is the band number)
\(A_b\) is the band-specific additive rescaling factor from the metadata (REFLECTANCE_ADD_BAND_x, where x is the band number)
Top of Atmosphere reflectance with a correction for the sun angle is then:
\[ R(b) = R(b)' \times cos(θ_{SZ}) = R(b)' \times sin(θ_{SE}) \]
where:
\(R(b)\) is the TOA planetary reflectance
\(θ_{SE}\) is the local sun elevation angle. The scene center sun elevation angle in degrees is provided in the metadata (SUN_ELEVATION).
\(θ_{SZ}\) is the local solar zenith angle; \(θ_{SZ} = 90° - θ_{SE}\)
Input

The input is an ingested Landsat-8, see details here.
Output

The output is a STAC item GeoJSON² including the assets shown below
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      "type": "image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized",
      "roles": [
        "data",
        "reflectance",
        "visual"
      ],
      "href": "https://.../LC08_L1TP_151040_20220829_20220829_02_RT-calibrated/coastal.tif",
      "eo:bands": [
        {
          "name": "coastal",
          "common_name": "coastal",
          "center_wavelength": 0.44,
          "full_width_half_max": 0.02
        }
      ],
      "raster:bands": [
        {
          "spatial_resolution": 30,
          "statistics": {
            "minimum": "0",
            "maximum": "12875",
            "mean": "1377.7385718365",
            "stddev": "1113.1136069519",
            "valid_percent": "100"
          },
          "histogram": {
            "count": 256,
            "min": -25.245098039215687,
            "max": 12900.245098039215,
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        }
      ],
      "file:size": 79819050
    },
    "swir16": {
      "type": "image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized",
      "roles": [
        "data",
        "reflectance",
        "visual"
      ],
      "href": "https://.../LC08_L1TP_151040_20220829_20220829_02_RT-calibrated/swir16.tif",
      "eo:bands": [
        {
          "name": "swir16",
          "common_name": "swir16",
          "center_wavelength": 1.6,
          "full_width_half_max": 0.08
        }
      ],
      "raster:bands": [
        {
          "spatial_resolution": 30,
          "statistics": {
            "minimum": "0",
            "maximum": "9617",
            "mean": "1706.4284159658",
            "stddev": "1493.1111513652",
            "valid_percent": "100"
          },
          "histogram": {
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        }
      ],
      "file:size": 89443820
    },
    "pan": {
      "type": "image/tiff; application=geotiff; profile=cloud-optimized",
      "roles": [
        "data",
        "reflectance",
        "visual"
      ],
      "href": "https://.../LC08_L1TP_151040_20220829_20220829_02_RT-calibrated/pan.tif",
      "eo:bands": [
        {
          "name": "pan",
          "common_name": "pan",
          "center_wavelength": 0.59,
          "full_width_half_max": 0.18
        }
      ],
      "raster:bands": [
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    "cirrus": {
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      ],
      "href": "https://.../LC08_L1TP_151040_20220829_20220829_02_RT-calibrated/cirrus.tif",
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      ],
      "href": "https://.../LC08_L1TP_151040_20220829_20220829_02_RT-calibrated/nir.tif",
      "eo:bands": [
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      "href": "https://.../LC08_L1TP_151040_20220829_20220829_02_RT-calibrated/red.tif",
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      ],
      "href": "https://.../LC08_L1TP_151040_20220829_20220829_02_RT-calibrated/swir22.tif",
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      ],
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    "green": {
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      ],
      "href": "https://.../LC08_L1TP_151040_20220829_20220829_02_RT-calibrated/green.tif",
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    "lwir12": {
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      ],
      "href": "https://.../LC08_L1TP_151040_20220829_20220829_02_RT-calibrated/lwir12.tif",
      "eo:bands": [
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      ],
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      ],
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USGS, Using the USGS Landsat Level-1 Data Product, available at: https://www.usgs.gov. ↩
Radiant Earth Foundation, STAC item specifications, a single spatiotemporal asset as a GeoJSON feature plus datetime and links, available at:https://github.com. ↩